解:$(1)$由于甲容器的底面积$S_{甲}=0.02\ \mathrm {m^2},$水深为$0.3\ \mathrm {m},$
甲容器内水的体积:
$V_{水}=S_{甲}\ \mathrm {h}_{水}=0.02\ \mathrm {m^2}×0.3\ \mathrm {m}=6×10^{-3}\ \mathrm {m^3},$
甲容器内水的质量:
$m_{水}=ρ_{水}\ \mathrm {V}_{水}=1.0×10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m^3}×6×10^{-3}\ \mathrm {m^3}=6\ \mathrm {kg};$
$(2)$乙容器中酒精的体积:
$V_{酒精}=\frac {m_{酒精}}{ρ_{酒精}}=\frac {4.8\ \mathrm {kg}}{0.8×10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m^3}}=6×10^{-3}\ \mathrm {m^3};$
乙容器中酒精的深度为:
$h_{酒精}=\frac {V_{酒精}}{S_{乙}}=\frac {6×10^{-3}\ \mathrm {m^3}}{0.03\ \mathrm {m^2}}=0.2\ \mathrm {m};$
$(3)$甲、乙两容器分别加入相同深度$Δh$的水和酒精后,
甲容器中水的体积$V_{水}'=S_{甲}\ \mathrm {h}_{水}'=0.02\ \mathrm {m^2}×(0.3\ \mathrm {m}+Δh),$
甲容器中水的质量:$m_{水}'=ρ_{水}\ \mathrm {V}_{水}'=1.0×10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m^3}×0.02\ \mathrm {m^2}×(0.3\ \mathrm {m}+Δh)......①,$
乙容器中酒精的体积:$V_{酒精}'=S_{乙}\ \mathrm {h}_{酒精}'=0.03\ \mathrm {m^2}×(0.2\ \mathrm {m}+Δh),$
乙容器中酒精的质量$m_{酒精}'=ρ_{酒精}\ \mathrm {V}_{酒精}'=0.8×10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m^3}×0.03\ \mathrm {m^2}×(0.2\ \mathrm {m}+Δh)......②,$
因为$m_{水}'=m_{酒精}',$
所以$1.0×10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m^3}×0.02\ \mathrm {m^2}×(0.3\ \mathrm {m}+Δh)=0.8×10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m^3}×0.03\ \mathrm {m^2}×(0.2\ \mathrm {m}+Δh),$
解得:$Δh=0.3\ \mathrm {m}.$