解:$(1)V=15\ \mathrm {cm}×20\ \mathrm {cm}×10\ \mathrm {cm}=3000\ \mathrm {cm^3}$
$V_{实}=80\%V=80\%×3000\ \mathrm {cm^3}=2400\ \mathrm {cm^3}$
$V_空=V-V_{实} =3000\ \mathrm {cm^3}-2400\ \mathrm {cm^3}=600\ \mathrm {cm^3}$
$(2)ρ=\frac {m }{V_{实}}=\frac {5.04\ \mathrm {kg}}{2400×10^{-6}\ \mathrm {m^3}}=2.1×10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m^3 }$
$(3)∆m=ρV_{空}=2.1×10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m^3}×600×10^{-6}\ \mathrm {m^3}=1.26\ \mathrm {kg}$