解:$(1)$小王把$2.60m $看成了$2.6m$,近似数$2.6m $的要求是精确到$0.1m$;
而近似数$2.60m $的要求是精确到$0.01m$
∴原轴长精确到$2.60m $时,要求加工完原轴长的范围是$2.595\sim 2.605m($含$2.595m$,不含$2.605m)$
$(2)$由$(1)$知原轴长的范围是$2.595\sim 2.605m($含$2.595m$,不含$2.605m)$
故长为$2.56m $与$2.62m $的原轴不合格