$解:(1)原式=x^2- (\sqrt {7} )^2=(x+ \sqrt {7} )(x-\sqrt {7} )$
$(2)原式=(2a^2+7)(2a^2-7)=(2a^2+7)(\sqrt {2}\ \mathrm {a}+ \sqrt {7} )·(\sqrt {2}\ \mathrm {a}-\sqrt {7} )$
$(3)原式=2(x^2-2)=2(x+\sqrt 2)(x- \sqrt {2} )$
$(4)原式=(\sqrt {2} x)^2- (\sqrt {5} )^2=(\sqrt {2} x+\sqrt {5} )(\sqrt {2} x- \sqrt {5} )$