$解:(1)设甲、乙两个公司每天分别修建地$
$铁3x、5x千米。$
$\frac {60}{3x}-\frac {60}{5x}=240$
$解得x=\frac {1}{30}$
$经检验x=\frac {1}{30}是该分式方程的解$
$3x=\frac {1}{10},5x=\frac16$
$答:甲、乙公司每天分别修建地铁\frac {1}{10}千米、$
$\frac16千米。$
$(2)①b=\frac {60-\frac {1}{10}a}{\frac16}=360-\frac35a$