$解:(2 x^{2}+a x-y+6)-(2 b x^{2}-3 x+5 y-1)$
$=\ 2 x^{2}+a x-y+6-2 b x^{2}+3 x-5 y+1$
$=(2- 2 b) x^{2}+(a+3) x-6 y+7$
$由题意, 得 2-2 b= 0, a+3=0 ,所以 b=1, a=-3 ,$
$所以 \frac{1}{3} a^{3}- 3 b^{2}-(\frac{1}{4} a^{3}-2 b^{2})$
$=\frac{1}{3} a^{3}-3 b^{2}-\frac{1}{4} a^{3}+2 b^{2}$
$= \frac{1}{12} a^{3}-b^{2}$
$=\frac{1}{12} \times(-3)^{3}-1^{2}=-\frac{9}{4}-1=-\frac{13}{4}$