解:$(1)$空瓶装满水时水的质量$m_{水}=m_{总1}−m_{瓶}=700\ \mathrm {g}−100\ \mathrm {g}=600\ \mathrm {g},$由$ρ=\frac {m}{V}$可得空瓶的容积$V=V_{水}=\frac {m_{水}}{ρ_{水}}=\frac {600\ \mathrm {g}}{1\ \mathrm {g/cm}^3}=600\ \mathrm {cm}^3$
$(2)$金属碎片的质量$m_{金}=m_{总2}−m_{瓶}=1680\ \mathrm {g}−100\ \mathrm {g}=1580\ \mathrm {g}$
$(3)$瓶中装了金属碎片后再装满水,水的体积$V_{水}'=\frac {m_{水}'}{ρ_{水}}=\frac {m_{总3}-m_{总2}}{ρ_{水}}=\frac {2080\ \mathrm {g}-1680\ \mathrm {g}}{1\ \mathrm {g/cm}^3}=400\ \mathrm {cm}^3,$则金属碎片的体积$V_{金}=V−V_{水}'=600\ \mathrm {cm}^3−400\ \mathrm {cm}^3=200\ \mathrm {cm}^3,$金属碎片的密度$ρ=\frac {m_{金}}{V_{金}}=\frac {1580\ \mathrm {g}}{200\ \mathrm {cm}^3}=7.9\ \mathrm {g/cm}^3$