解:
(1)因为$x^{3}\cdot x^{a}\cdot x^{2a + 1}=x^{3 + a+2a + 1}=x^{3a + 4}=x^{31},$
所以$3a + 4 = 31,$$3a=31 - 4=27,$所以$a = 9。$
(2)因为$x^{3}=3,$$x^{6}=9,$所以$x^{9}=x^{3}\cdot x^{6}=3\times9 = 27。$
(3)因为$2^{3x + 1}=64 = 2^{6},$所以$3x + 1 = 6,$$3x=6 - 1 = 5,$所以$x=\frac{5}{3}。$