解:(1)解:因为$a - b = 4,$所以$(a - b)^2=a^2-2ab + b^2 = 16,$又因为$ab = 12,$所以$a^2 + b^2=16 + 2ab=16+2\times12=40。$
(2)解:$a^2 - ab + b^2=a^2 + b^2 - ab,$由(1)知$a^2 + b^2 = 40,$$ab = 12,$所以$a^2 - ab + b^2=40-12=28。$
(3)解:$(a + b)^2=a^2+2ab + b^2=a^2 + b^2+2ab,$由(1)知$a^2 + b^2 = 40,$$ab = 12,$所以$(a + b)^2=40+2\times12=64。$