解:$(1) $当开关$S_{1} $和$S_{3} $闭合、$S_{2} $断开时,两电阻并联,总电阻最小,由$P=\frac {U^2}{R}$可知,总功率最大,为高温挡;只闭合$S_{3} $时,电路为$R_{2} $的简单电路,总阻值较小,总功率较大,为中温挡;当开关$S_{1}$和$S_{3}$断开、$S_{2} $闭合时,两电阻串联,总电阻最大,总功率最小,为低温挡,则$ R_{2} $的电阻$R_{2}=\frac {U^2}{P_{中温}}= \frac {(220\ \mathrm {V})^2}{440\ \mathrm {W}}=110\ \mathrm {Ω}.$
$(2) $高温挡时$R_{1}$功率$P_{1}=\frac {U^2}{R_{1}} \frac {(220\ \mathrm {V})^2}{44\ \mathrm {Ω}}=1100\ \mathrm {W}$,电流通过$R_{1}$产生的电热$Q_{1}=W_{1}=P_{1}t_{1}=1100\ \mathrm {W}×60\ \mathrm {s}=6.6×10^4\ \mathrm {J}.$
$(3) $空气炸锅消耗的电能$W=\frac {0.06元}{0.6元/(\mathrm {kW·h})}=0.1\ \mathrm {kW·h}$,空气炸锅工作的时间$t=15 \mathrm {\mathrm {min}}=0.25\ \mathrm {h}$,空气炸锅的功率$P=\frac {W}{t}=\frac {0.1\ \mathrm {kW·h}}{0.25\ \mathrm {h}}=0.4\ \mathrm {kW}=400\ \mathrm {W}.$