电子课本网 第4页

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解:(1)设每件售价应定为$x$元。由题意,得$(x - 40)(20 + 10\times\frac{60 - x}{5}) = (60 - 40)\times20,$$(x - 40)(20 + 2(60 - x)) = 400,$$(x - 40)(20 + 120 - 2x) = 400,$$(x - 40)(140 - 2x) = 400,$$140x - 2x^2 - 5600 + 80x = 400,$$-2x^2 + 220x - 6000 = 0,$两边同时除以$-2$得$x^2 - 110x + 3000 = 0,$因式分解得$(x - 50)(x - 60) = 0,$则$x - 50 = 0$或$x - 60 = 0,$解得$x_1 = 50,$$x_2 = 60$(不合题意,舍去)。故每件售价应定为$50$元。
(2)设该款小商品需打$a$折销售。由题意,得$62.5\times\frac{a}{10} \leq 50,$$6.25a \leq 50,$解得$a \leq 8。$故该款小商品至少需打$8$折销售。
$\frac{3}{2}$
$-\frac{1}{2}$
解:(2)因为一元二次方程$2x^2 - 3x - 1 = 0$的两个根分别为$m,$$n,$所以$m + n = \frac{3}{2},$$mn = -\frac{1}{2},$所以$\frac{n}{m} + \frac{m}{n} = \frac{n^2 + m^2}{mn} = \frac{(m + n)^2 - 2mn}{mn} = \frac{(\frac{3}{2})^2 - 2\times(-\frac{1}{2})}{-\frac{1}{2}} = \frac{\frac{9}{4} + 1}{-\frac{1}{2}} = \frac{\frac{13}{4}}{-\frac{1}{2}} = -\frac{13}{2}。$
(3)因为$2s^2 - 3s - 1 = 0,$$2t^2 - 3t - 1 = 0,$且$s\neq t,$所以可将$s,$$t$看作方程$2x^2 - 3x - 1 = 0$的两个实数根,则由一元二次方程的根与系数的关系,得$s + t = \frac{3}{2},$$st = -\frac{1}{2},$所以$(t - s)^2 = (s + t)^2 - 4st = (\frac{3}{2})^2 - 4\times(-\frac{1}{2}) = \frac{9}{4} + 2 = \frac{17}{4},$所以$t - s = \pm\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2},$所以$\frac{1}{s} - \frac{1}{t} = \frac{t - s}{st} = \pm\sqrt{17}。$